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Autor: Miška YU7MS
Autori: Zoran Aleksić, YU4DP & Saša Tošić ,dipl. el. inž.
Radeći mnogo godina na izgradnji i održavanju amaterskih repetitora više puta mi se ukazala potreba da repetitor privremeno ugasim, "zavrnem " skvelč, uključim drugu antenu, smanjim snagu tx-a, itd... Sredinom 90-tih godina dočepao sam se jednog jednokanalnog on-off dtmf modula ( sa ic MT8870, CD4028 i LS7220) koji sam ugradio u repetitor R2 na Leotaru i koji je pomoću koda od četiri DTMF cifre uključivao i isključivao repetitor prema potrebi. Kasnije se ispostavilo da to nije dovoljno komotno , jer je postojala potreba upravljanja sa više parametara repetitora.
Autor: Zoran Aleksić YU4DP
Govorni identifikator za amaterske repetitore sa memorijom govora ISD1416P, prema ovom projektu, je napravljena u preko dvadeset primjeraka i nalazi se na u upotrebi na amaterskim repetitorima u Republici Srpskoj, Srbiji, C.Gori i Hrvatskoj. Uređaj je primjenjiv kako na repetitore u samogradnji, tako i na fabričke repetitore. Praktično, isproban je u praksi na repetitorima Motorola R100, VHF Engineering RPT-144, Elting 2000, Storno CQF/612, Motorola MSF-5000 i samogradnji od dvije stanice. Uređaj je opremljen memorijom govora do 16 (20) sekundi u koju se usnimava govorna poruka, tajmerom bokade poruke u intervalu 5-20 min., tajmerom za zadršku predaje na repetitoru, tako da nije potrebna druga COR grupa.
Detaljnije o ovom uređaju možete pročitati ovdje ili u sekciji DOWNLOAD->RADIO-TEHNIKA u pdf dokumentu.
Laboratorijski ispravljač sa LM317 i regulacijom napona 1.3-30V i struje 0-5A
Šema sa kratkim objašnjenjem na ruskom jeziku
Tabela odnosa U-P-dB za pojačanje i slabljenje
Voltage Gain | Power Gain | DB Value | Power Atten. | Voltage Atten. |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
1.059 | 1.122 | 0.5 | 0.8913 | 0.9441 |
1.122 | 1.259 | 1 | 0.7943 | 0.8913 |
1.189 | 1.413 | 1.5 | 0.7079 | 0.8414 |
1.259 | 1.585 | 2 | 0.631 | 0.7943 |
1.334 | 1.778 | 2.5 | 0.5623 | 0.7499 |
1.413 | 1.995 | 3 | 0.5012 | 0.7079 |
1.496 | 2.239 | 3.5 | 0.4467 | 0.6683 |
1.585 | 2.512 | 4 | 0.3981 | 0.631 |
1.679 | 2.818 | 4.5 | 0.3548 | 0.5957 |
1.778 | 3.162 | 5 | 0.3162 | 0.5623 |
1.884 | 3.548 | 5.5 | 0.2818 | 0.5309 |
1.995 | 3.981 | 6 | 0.2512 | 0.5012 |
2.113 | 4.467 | 6.5 | 0.2239 | 0.4732 |
2.239 | 5.012 | 7 | 0.1995 | 0.4467 |
2.371 | 5.623 | 7.5 | 0.1778 | 0.4217 |
2.512 | 6.31 | 8 | 0.1585 | 0.3981 |
2.661 | 7.079 | 8.5 | 0.1413 | 0.3758 |
2.818 | 7.943 | 9 | 0.1259 | 0.3548 |
2.985 | 8.913 | 9.5 | 0.1122 | 0.335 |
3.162 | 10 | 10 | 0.1 | 0.3162 |
3.35 | 11.22 | 10.5 | 0.08913 | 0.2985 |
3.548 | 12.59 | 11 | 0.07943 | 0.2818 |
3.758 | 14.13 | 11.5 | 0.07079 | 0.2661 |
3.981 | 15.85 | 12 | 0.0631 | 0.2512 |
4.217 | 17.78 | 12.5 | 0.05623 | 0.2371 |
4.467 | 19.95 | 13 | 0.05012 | 0.2239 |
4.732 | 22.39 | 13.5 | 0.04467 | 0.2113 |
5.012 | 25.12 | 14 | 0.03981 | 0.1995 |
5.309 | 28.18 | 14.5 | 0.03548 | 0.1884 |
5.623 | 31.62 | 15 | 0.03162 | 0.1778 |
5.957 | 35.48 | 15.5 | 0.02818 | 0.1679 |
6.31 | 39.81 | 16 | 0.02512 | 0.1585 |
6.683 | 44.67 | 16.5 | 0.02239 | 0.1496 |
7.079 | 50.12 | 17 | 0.01995 | 0.1413 |
7.499 | 56.23 | 17.5 | 0.01778 | 0.1334 |
7.943 | 63.1 | 18 | 0.01585 | 0.1259 |
8.414 | 70.79 | 18.5 | 0.01413 | 0.1189 |
8.913 | 79.43 | 19 | 0.01259 | 0.1122 |
9.441 | 89.13 | 19.5 | 0.01122 | 0.1059 |
10 | 100 | 20 | 0.01 | 0.1 |
31.62 | 1000 | 30 | 0.001 | 0.03162 |
100 | 1.00E+04 | 40 | 0.0001 | 0.01 |
316.2 | 1.00E+05 | 50 | 1.00E-05 | 0.003162 |
1000 | 1.00E+06 | 60 | 1.00E-06 | 0.001 |
3162 | 1.00E+07 | 70 | 1.00E-07 | 0.0003162 |
1.00E+04 | 1.00E+08 | 80 | 1.00E-08 | 0.0001 |
3.16E+04 | 1.00E+09 | 90 | 1.00E-09 | 3.16E-05 |
1.00E+05 | 1.00E+10 | 100 | 1.00E-10 | 1.00E-05 |
3.16E+05 | 1.00E+11 | 110 | 1.00E-11 | 3.16E-06 |
Power versus voltage and dBm.
Power(W) |
Voltage |
dBm |
Power(W) |
Voltage |
dBm |
Power(W) |
Voltage |
dBm |
Power(W) |
Voltage |
dBm |
|||
1x10-17 |
0.022µV |
-140.00 |
1x10-12 |
7.07µV |
-90.00 |
1x10-7 |
2.236mV |
-40.00 |
0.010 |
0.707V |
10.00 |
|||
2х10-17 |
0.031µV |
-136.99 |
2х10-12 |
10.00µV |
-86.99 |
2х10-7 |
3.162mV |
-36.99 |
0.020 |
1.000V |
13.01 |
|||
3x10-17 |
0.038µV |
-135.23 |
Зх10-12 |
12.25µV |
-85.23 |
3х10-7 |
3.872mV |
-35.23 |
0.030 |
1.224V |
14.77 |
|||
4х10-17 |
0.044µV |
-133.98 |
4х10-12 |
14.14µV |
-83.98 |
4х10-7 |
4.472mV |
-33.98 |
0.040 |
1.414V |
16.02 |
|||
5х10-17 |
0.050µV |
-133.01 |
5х10-12 |
15.81µV |
-83.01 |
5х10-7 |
5.000mV |
-33.01 |
0.050 |
1.581V |
16.99 |
|||
6x10-17 |
0.054µV |
-132.22 |
6х10-12 |
17.32µV |
-82.22 |
6x10-7 |
5.477mV |
-32.22 |
0.060 |
1.732V |
17.78 |
|||
7х10-17 |
0.059µV |
-131.55 |
7х10-12 |
18.71µV |
-81.55 |
7х10-7 |
5.916mV |
-31.55 |
0.070 |
1.870V |
18.45 |
|||
8х10-17 |
0.063µV |
-130.97 |
8х10-12 |
20.00µV |
-80.97 |
8х10-7 |
6.324mV |
-30.97 |
0.080 |
2.000V |
19.03 |
|||
9х10-17 |
0.067µV |
-130.46 |
9х10-12 |
21.21µV |
-80.46 |
9х10-7 |
6.708mV |
-30.46 |
0.090 |
2.121V |
19.54 |
|||
1х10-16 |
0.070µV |
-130.00 |
1х10-11 |
22.36µV |
-80.00 |
1х10-6 |
7.07mV |
-30.00 |
0.100 |
2.236V |
20.00 |
|||
2х10-16 |
0.100µV |
-126.99 |
2х10-11 |
31.62µV |
-76.99 |
2х10-6 |
10.00mV |
-26.99 |
0.200 |
3.162V |
23.01 |
|||
3х10-16 |
0.122µV |
-125.23 |
3х10-11 |
38.73µV |
-75.23 |
3х10-6 |
12.25mV |
-25.23 |
0.300 |
3.872V |
24.77 |
|||
4х10-16 |
0.141µV |
-123.98 |
4х10-11 |
44.72µV |
-73.98 |
4х10-6 |
14.14mV |
-23.98 |
0.400 |
4.472V |
26.02 |
|||
5х10-16 |
0.158µV |
-123.01 |
5х10-11 |
50.00µV |
-73.01 |
5х10-6 |
15.81mV |
-23.01 |
0.500 |
5.000V |
26.99 |
|||
6х10-16 |
0.173µV |
-122.22 |
6х10-11 |
54.77µV |
-72.22 |
6x10-6 |
17:32mv |
-22.22 |
0.600 |
5.477v |
27.78 |
|||
7х10-16 |
0.187µV |
-121.55 |
7х10-11 |
59.16µV |
-71.55 |
7х10-6 |
18.71mV |
-21.55 |
0.700 |
5.916V |
28.45 |
|||
8х10-16 |
0.200µV |
-120.97 |
8х10-11 |
63.25µV |
-70.97 |
8х10-6 |
20.00mV |
-20.97 |
0.800 |
6.324V |
29.03 |
|||
9х10-16 |
0.212µV |
-120.46 |
9х10-11 |
67.08µV |
-70.46 |
9х10-6 |
21.21mV |
-20.46 |
0.900 |
6.708V |
29.54 |
|||
1x10-15 |
0.223µV |
-120.00 |
1х10-10 |
70.71µV |
-70.00 |
1x10-5 |
22.36mV |
-20.00 |
1.000 |
7.07V |
30.00 |
|||
2х10-15 |
0.316µV |
-116.99 |
2х10-10 |
100.00µV |
-66.99 |
2х10-5 |
31.62mV |
-16.99 |
2.000 |
10.00V |
33.01 |
|||
3х10-15 |
0.387µV |
-115.23 |
3х10-10 |
122.47µV |
-65.23 |
3х10-5 |
38.73mV |
-15.23 |
3.000 |
12.25V |
34.77 |
|||
4х10-15 |
0.447µV |
-113.98 |
4х10-10 |
141.42µV |
-63.98 |
4х10-5 |
44.72mV |
-13.98 |
4.000 |
14.14V |
36.02 |
|||
5х10-15 |
0.500µV |
-113.01 |
5х10-10 |
158.11µV |
-63.01 |
5х10-5 |
50.00mV |
-13.01 |
5.000 |
15.81V |
36.99 |
|||
6х10-15 |
0.547µV |
-112.22 |
6х10-10 |
173.20µV |
-62.22 |
6х10-5 |
54.77mV |
-12.22 |
6.000 |
17.32V |
37.78 |
|||
7х10-15 |
0.591µV |
-111.55 |
7х10-10 |
187.08µV |
-61.55 |
7х10-5 |
59.16mV |
-11.55 |
7.000 |
18.71V |
38.45 |
|||
8х10-15 |
0.632µV |
-110.97 |
8х10-10 |
200.00µV |
-60.97 |
8х10-5 |
63.25mV |
-10.97 |
8.000 |
20.00V |
39.03 |
|||
9х10-15 |
0.670µV |
-110.46 |
9х10-10 |
212.13µV |
-60.46 |
9х10-5 |
67.08mV |
-10.46 |
9.000 |
21.21V |
39.54 |
|||
1х10-14 |
0.707µV |
-110.00 |
1x10-9 |
223.61µV |
-60.00 |
1x10-4 |
70.71mV |
-10.00 |
10.00 |
22.36V |
40.00 |
|||
2х10-14 |
1.000µV |
-106.99 |
2х10-9 |
316.23µV |
-56.99 |
2х10-4 |
100.00mV |
-6.99 |
20.00 |
31.62V |
43.01 |
|||
3х10-14 |
1.224µV |
-105.23 |
3х10-9 |
387.30µV |
-55.23 |
3х10-4 |
122.47mV |
-5.23 |
30.00 |
38.73V |
44.77 |
|||
4х10-14 |
1.414µV |
-103.98 |
4х10-9 |
447.21µV |
-53.98 |
4х10-4 |
141.42mV |
-3.98 |
40.00 |
44.72V |
46.02 |
|||
5х10-14 |
1.581µV |
-103.01 |
5х10-9 |
500.00µV |
-53.01 |
5х10-4 |
158.11mV |
-3.01 |
5.000 |
50.00V |
46.99 |
|||
6Х10-14 |
1.732µV |
-102.22 |
6х10-9 |
547.72µV |
-52.22 |
6Х10-4 |
173.20mV |
-2.22 |
60.00 |
54.77V |
47.78 |
|||
7х10-14 |
1.870µV |
-101.55 |
7х10-9 |
591.61µV |
-51.55 |
7х10-4 |
187.08mV |
-1.55 |
70.00 |
59.16V |
48.45 |
|||
8х10-14 |
2.000µV |
-100.97 |
8х10-9 |
632.46µV |
-50.97 |
8х10-4 |
200.00mV |
-0.97 |
80.00 |
63.25V |
49.03 |
|||
9х10-14 |
2.121µV |
-100.46 |
9х10-9 |
670.82µV |
-50.46 |
9х10-4 |
212.13mV |
-0.46 |
90.00 |
67.08V |
49.54 |
|||
1х10-13 |
2.236µV |
-100.00 |
1x10-8 |
0.707mV |
-50.00 |
1x10-3 |
223.61mV |
0.00 |
100.00 |
70.71V |
50.00 |
|||
2х10-13 |
3.162µV |
-96.99 |
2х10-8 |
1.000mV |
-46.99 |
2х10-3 |
316.23mV |
3.01 |
200.00 |
100.00V |
53.01 |
|||
3х10-13 |
3.872µV |
-95.23 |
3х10-8 |
1.224mV |
-45.23 |
3х10-3 |
387.30mV |
4.77 |
300.00 |
122.47V |
54.77 |
|||
4х10-13 |
4.472µV |
-93.98 |
4х10-8 |
1.414mV |
-43.98 |
4х10-3 |
447.21mV |
6.02 |
400.00 |
141.42V |
56.02 |
|||
5х10-13 |
5.000µV |
-93.01 |
5х10-8 |
1.581mV |
-43.01 |
5х10-3 |
500.00mV |
6.99 |
500.00 |
158.11V |
56.99 |
|||
6х10-13 |
5.477µV |
-92.22 |
6x10-8 |
1.732mV |
-42.22 |
6х10-3 |
547.72mV |
7.78 |
600.00 |
173.20V |
57.78 |
|||
7х10-13 |
5.916µV |
-91.55 |
7х10-8 |
1.870mV |
-41.55 |
7х10-3 |
591.61mV |
8.45 |
700.00 |
187.08V |
58.45 |
|||
8х10-13 |
6.324µV |
-90.97 |
8х10-8 |
2.000mV |
-40.97 |
8х10-3 |
632.46mV |
9.03 |
800.00 |
200.00V |
59.03 |
|||
9х10-13 |
6.708µV |
-90.46 |
9х10-8 |
2.121mV |
-40.46 |
9х10-3 |
670.82mV |
9.54 |
900.00 |
212.13V |
59.54 |
|||
Power(W) |
Voltage |
dBm |
Power(W) |
Voltage |
dBm |
Power(W) |
Voltage |
dBm |
Power(W) |
Voltage |
dBm |
Osnovne tehničke karakteristike najpopularnijih koaksijalnih kablova
Koax tip | Z Oma | Kapacitet u pF / m | Vk Faktor | Dielektrik | Oklapanje |
Mjere u mm Ohm / 1000 m |
||||||
Prečnik unutrašnjeg |
Prečnik Dielektrika | Prečnik vanjski | Radius savijanja | kg/100m | Oma/1km unutraš. provod. |
Oma/1km širma |
||||||
4/S-60 | 60 | 75 | 0.77 | PE-Cell | 50 dB | 1.4 | 4.9 | 7 | 60 | 5.9 | 12 | 11 |
60-7-2 | 60 | 85 | 0.66 | PE | 1.5 | 6.6 | 8.8 | |||||
Aircell-7 | 50 | 74 | 0.83 | PE/Luft | 90 dB | 1.85 | 5 | 7.3 | 25 | 7.2 | 0.86 | 0.85 |
Aircom-Plus | 50 | 84 | 0.84 | PE/Luft | 90 dB | 2.7 | 7.2 | 10.3 | 100 | 15 | ||
CF1/2" | 60 | 68 | 0.82 | 90 dB | 15.9 | 70 | 30 | |||||
CF1/4" | 50 | 82 | 0.82 | 90 dB | 8 | 40 | 13 | |||||
CF3/8" | 50 | 90 dB | 15 | |||||||||
CF5/8" | 50 | 90 dB | 23 | |||||||||
Ecoflex 10 | 50 | 77 | 0.86 | LLC PE | 85 dB | 2.85 | 10.2 | 40 | 13.1 | |||
Ecoflex 15 | 50 | 77 | 0.86 | LLC PE | 85 dB | 14.6 | 70 | 25.8 | ||||
H100 | 50 | 0.84 | PE/Luft | 90 dB | 2.5 | 6.9 | 9.8 | 150 | 11 | |||
H1001 | 50 | 82 | 0.81 | 10.3 | 50 | 10.3 | ||||||
H155 | 50 | 100 | 0.79 | PE/Cell | 90 dB | 1.4 | 3.9 | 5.4 | 35 | 3.9 | 1.5 | 1.7 |
H2000 | 50 | 80 | 0.83 | 10.3 | ||||||||
H500 | 50 | 82 | 0.81 | PE/Cell | 80 dB | 2.5 | 7 | 9.8 | 75 | 10.7 | ||
RG-11 AU | 75 | 67 | 0.66 | PE | 60 dB | 1.2 | 7.3 | 10.3 | 50 | 13.9 | 22 | 4.1 |
RG142 AU | 50 | 95 | 0.7 | PTFE | 80 dB | 0.95 | 2.95 | 4.95 | ||||
RG174 U | 50 | 101 | 0.66 | PE | 55 dB | 0.5 | 2.5 | |||||
RG-178 | ||||||||||||
RG-179 | ||||||||||||
RG-188 AU | 50 | 95 | 0.7 | PTFE | 0.51 | 2.7 | ||||||
RG-196 AU | 50 | 95 | 0.7 | PTFE | 0.3 | 1.9 | ||||||
RG-213 U | 50 | 101 | 0.66 | PE | 60 dB | 2.25 | 7.25 | 10.3 | 100 | 15.3 | 6 | 4.1 |
RG-231 US | 50 | 101 | 0.66 | PE | 60 dB | 2.25 | 7.25 | 10.3 | 90 | 15.5 | 6 | 4.1 |
RG-214 US | 50 | 101 | 0.66 | PE | 80 dB | 2.25 | 7.25 | 10.8 | 6 | |||
RG-223 U | 50 | 101 | 0.66 | PE | 80 dB | 0.9 | 2.95 | 5.3 | ||||
RG-316 | 50 | 95 | 0.7 | PE | 0.51 | 2.5 | ||||||
RG-55 | 53.3 | 94 | 0.66 | PE | 90 dB | 0.9 | 3 | 5.3 | 30 | 5 | ||
RG-58 CU | 50 | 101 | 0.66 | PE | 60 dB | 0.9 | 2.95 | 5. | 25 | 4 | 39 | 13.5 |
RG-59 | 75 | 67 | 0.66 | 6.15 | 30 | 5.7 |
Slabljenje koaksijalnih kablova
Maksimalna dozvoljena snaga
dBmW | W | Veff | Vpp |
0 | 1.00 mW | 224 mV | 631 mV |
1 | 1.26 mW | 251 mV | 708 mV |
2 | 1.58 mW | 282 mV | 794 mV |
3 | 2.00 mW | 316 mV | 891 mV |
4 | 2.51 mW | 355 mV | 1.00 V |
5 | 3.17 mW | 393 mV | 1.12 V |
6 | 4.00 mW | 447 mV | 1.26 V |
7 | 5.00 mW | 501 mV | 1.41 V |
8 | 6.31 mW | 562 mV | 1.58 V |
9 | 7.94 mW | 631 mV | 1.78 V |
10 | 10.0 mW | 708 mV | 2.00 V |
12 | 15.8 mW | 891 mV | 2.51 V |
13 | 20.0 mW | 1.00 V | 2.82 V |
14 | 25.1 mW | 1.12 V | 3.16 V |
15 | 31.7 mW | 1.26 V | 3.55 V |
16 | 40.0 mW | 1.41 V | 3.98 V |
17 | 50.0 mW | 1.58 V | 4.47 V |
18 | 63.1 mW | 1.78 V | 5.01 V |
19 | 79.4 mW | 2.00 V | 5.62 V |
20 | 100 mW | 2.24 V | 6.31 V |
21 | 126 mW | 2.51 V | 7.08 V |
22 | 158 mW | 2.82 V | 7.94 V |
23 | 200 mW | 3.16 V | 8.91 V |
24 | 251 mW | 3.55 V | 10.0 V |
25 | 317 mW | 3.98 V | 11.2 V |
26 | 400 mW | 4.47 V | 12.6 V |
27 | 500 mW | 5.01 V | 14.1 V |
28 | 631 mW | 5.62 V | 15.8 V |
29 | 794 mW | 6.31 V | 17.8 V |
30 | 1.00 W | 7.08 V | 20.0 V |
31 | 1.26 W | 7.94 V | 24.4 V |
32 | 1.58 W | 8.91 V | 25.1 V |
33 | 2.00 W | 10.0 V | 28.2 V |
34 | 2.51 W | 11.2 V | 31.6 V |
35 | 3.17 W | 12.6 V | 35.5 V |
36 | 4.00 W | 14.1 V | 39.8 V |
37 | 5.00 W | 15.8 V | 44.7 V |
38 | 6.31 W | 17.8 V | 50.1 V |
39 | 7.94 W | 20.0 V | 56.2 V |
40 | 10.0 W | 22.4 V | 63.1 V |
41 | 12.5 W | 25.1 V | 70.8 V |
42 | 16 W | 28.2 V | 79.4 V |
43 | 20 W | 31.6 V | 89.1 V |
44 | 25 W | 35.5 V | 100 V |
45 | 32 W | 39.8 V | 112 V |
46 | 40 W | 44.7 V | 126 V |
47 | 50 W | 50.1 V | 141 V |
48 | 64 W | 56.2 V | 158 V |
49 | 80 W | 63.1 V | 178 V |
50 | 100 W | 70.8 V | 200 V |
... |
E73DPR & E7TT
CW --- SSB --- RTTY --- PSK
HF --- VHF --- UHF
DX --- CONTEST
RADIO KLUB "TREBINJE" - Trebinje